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The optical properties of in vivo tissue sites are simulated by linear combination of the spectra of these components of tissue:

Absorption

• background dry tissue (polymers, amino acids, etc.)
• water
• oxyhemoglobin (spectrum for 45% hematocrit)
• deoxyhemoglobin (spectrum for 45% hematocrit)

Scattering

• reduced scattering coefficient = a(nm)^-b where nm is the wavelength of light

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