@article{xie99b,
  author = {H. Xie and B. S. Schaffer and S. A. Prahl and K. W. Gregory},
  title = {Sutureless End-to-End Ureteral and Heterograft Anastomosis Using Photothermal Sensitive Hydrolyzable Intraluminal Stent and Diode Laser},
  journal = {Laser Med. Surg.},
  year = {1999 abstract only},
  volume = {S11},
  pages = {58},
  abstract = {\textbf{Objectives:} We report our experience with the creation of a photothermal sensitive hydrolyzable (PSH) stent for end to end ureteral anastomosis using sutureless laser welding in vitro. \vskip2mm \textbf{Methods:} Fresh porcine ureter segments underwent end to end anastomosis for ureter (n=12), ureteral and heterograft (n=12) using diode laser welding. The heterografts were prepared by our biomaterial group. The PSH stent was used to stand and connect the ureteral stumps. The anastomotic seam was lasered with 804\,nm diode laser light delivered through a 600\,$\mu$m non-touch optical fiber. 1 watt cw was applied for a range of 63 to 107 seconds in the welding process. Tensile strength and burst pressure were measured after rehydration overnight in 37$^\circ$C degree saline. \vskip2mm \textbf{Results:} Tensile strength and burst pressure ranged from 225-603\,g/cm$^2$ and over 200\,mmHg in the ureteral welding, and from 150-450\,g/cm$^2$ and 183-200$+$\,mmHg in ureter by heterograft welding. \vskip2mm \textbf{Conclusions:} A water tight anastomosis was achieved by laser welding using the PSH stent. The stent plays double roles as solder and support in the the ureteral and vessel anastomosis using laser welding.},
}