@inproceedings{viator98b,
  author = {J. A. Viator and S. A. Prahl},
  title = {Laser Thrombolysis Using a Millisecond Frequency-Doubled {Nd:YAG} Laser},
  booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings of Laser-Tissue Interaction IX},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {S. L. Jacques},
  pages = {287--291},
  volume = {3254},
  abstract = {A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532\,nm with pulse durations of 2, 5, and 10\,ms was used to ablate blood clot phantoms. The clot phantoms were prepared with 3.5\% (175 Bloom) gel and Direct Red 81 dye to have an absorption coefficient of 150\,cm$^{-1}$. Ablation thresholds were determined by a fluorescent technique using flash photography to detect the gel surface. The threshold was 15$\pm$2\,mJ/mm$^2$ and corresponded to calculated temperatures of 80$\pm$10$^\circ$C. Ablation efficiency experiments were conducted at 20\,mJ. Ablation efficiencies were approximately 1.7$\pm$0.1\,$\mu$g/mJ for the millisecond pulses and were comparable to previously published efficiencies for ablation of clot with a 1 microsecond pulsed dye laser.},
}