@inproceedings{viator01a,
  author = {J. A. Viator and G. Paltauf and S. L. Jacques and S. A. Prahl},
  title = {Design and Testing of an Endoscopic Photoacoustic Probe for Determining Treatment Depth After Photodynamic Therapy of Esophageal Cancer},
  booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings of Biomedical Optoacoustics II},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {A. A. Oraevsky},
  pages = {16--27},
  volume = {4256},
  abstract = {An endoscopic photoacoustic probe is designed and tested for use in PDT treatment of esophageal cancer. The probe, measuring less than 2.5 mm in diameter, was designed to fit within the lumen of an endoscope that will be inserted into an esophagus after PDT. PDT treatment results in a blanched, necrotic layer of cancerous tissue over a healthy, deeper layer of perfused tissue. The photoacoustic probe was designed to use acoustic propagation time to determine the thickness of the blanched surface of the esophagus, which corresponds to treatment depth. A side-firing 600 micrometers fiber delivered 532\,nm laser light to induce acoustic waves in the perfused layer of the esophagus beneath the blanched (treated) layer. A PVDF transducer detected the induced acoustic waves and transmitted the signal to an oscilloscope. The probe was tested on clear and turbid tissue phantom layers over an optically absorbing dye solution.},
}