@article{prahl99a,
  author = {Scott A. Prahl},
  title = {Tissue Welding Using Solid Albumin Solder and a Millisecond Pulsed Laser},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Oregon Academy of Science},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {58},
  year = {1999 abstract only},
  abstract = {Lasers have been used to weld or fuse tissues together for nearly two decades. Recently, solid albumin solder strips have been shown to improve the strength of laser welded tissues. A coupled opto-thermal model is used to calculate the temperatures of a laser irradiated weld site that includes a solid albumin solder strip. A first-order rate process model based on albumin contraction during heating is used to calculate the number of albumin molecules that have been changed by laser irradiation. The estimated number of altered molecules roughly correlates with measured weld strengths, and may be used to qualitatively understand the welding process. Quantitative correlation is problematic because tissue interfaces cannot be readily modelled. Nevertheless, this modelling effort gives insight into improving the welding process by maximizing the number of altered albumin molecules while minimizing the total delivered energy (and thereby minimizing collateral thermal damage).},
}