@article{delcampo98a,
  author = {Jaime DelCampo and Scott Prahl},
  title = {Tissue Welding Studies Using 800\,nm Laser Pulses at Varying Time Widths and Energies},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Oregon Academy of Science},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {39},
  year = {1998 abstract only},
  abstract = {Laser welding is actively being researched as a means to graft biomaterial to human tissue. Potentially, tissue welding may be an alternative to sutures, as in the surgical repair of damaged arteries or ureters. However, adequate weld strength is a limiting factor. This study investigates the effects on weld strength from variations in laser pulse duration and energy. Strips of porcine elastin biomaterial were stained with indocyanine green and then welded to the overlapping ends of porcine ureters using 800\,nm laser pulses. The laser pulse time widths were varied at 4, 40, and 40 milliseconds, while pulse energies were varied at 1, 2, and 4 joules. Tensile strengths of the welded samples were measured and then statistically analyzed. In addition, temperature measurements during the welding procedures were performed using pulse photothermal radiometry and infrared fiber optics. These temperature measurements were compared and correlated to weld strength.},
}