@article{dayton11a,
  author = {Amanda Dayton and Laurel Soot and Ronald Wolf and Christina Gougoutas-Fox and Scott A. Prahl},
  title = {Light Guided Lumpectomy: First Clinical Experience},
  journal = {J. Biophotonics},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {752-758},
  year = {2011},
  abstract = {\textbf{Background and Objectives:} Despite numerous advances, lumpectomies remain a technically challenging procedure and margin status is critical its success. Positive margins following lumpectomy usually lead to a second surgery to clear the margins. This not only increases morbidity but also prolongs the course of treatment and creates additional cost. A visible, spherical glowball of light centered on the lesion may not only be able to assist in locating the lesion but also in resecting it with uniform margins. \\[3mm] \textbf{Methods:} Eight patients underwent a light guided lumpectomy. Subjects with non-palpable breast lesions undergoing lumpectomy for breast malignancy with radiographic measurable disease were included in the study. Instead of a bare Kopans wire, an optical wire was designed that incorporated a Kopans wire with an optical fiber. \\[3mm] \textbf{Results:} The optical wires were placed in the same manner as a Kopans wire. During the light-guided lumpectomies, the optical fiber was illuminated and emitted a sphere of light surrounding the lesion. This light was used to localize and resect the lesion. Seven of eight light guided lumpectomies resulted in negative margins. \\[3mm] \textbf{Conclusions:} This procedure may result in a decrease in positive margins and in more uniformly spherical specimens. This could result in fewer procedures, reduced cost, and better cosmesis.},
}