@inproceedings{dayton10a,
  author = {Amanda Dayton and Niloy Choudhury and Scott A. Prahl},
  title = {Light Guided Lumpectomy: Is Continuous Wave or Frequency Domain More Accurate},
  booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings on Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering {IV}},
  editor = {Israel Gannot},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {},
  volume = {7573},
  abstract = {Improving the success of lumpectomies would reduce the number of procedures, cost, and morbidity. A light source could be placed in a lesion to assist in finding and removing the lesion. A quantitive measurement of the distance between such a light source and a detector would further aid in the procedure by providing surgeons with easy to use intra-operative guidance to the lesion.\\[3mm] Two methods, continuous wave and frequency domain (FD), of accomplishing this measurement were directly compared. Within one radio frequency experimental system, the amplitude at 15\,MHz was taken to represent the continuous wave signal and the phase at 100\,MHz was taken to represent the frequency domain signal. For the continuous wave method, data at source detector separation distances of 20, 30 \& 50\,mm were used to predict other distances of 10, 20, 30, 40, \& 50\,mm. Data at source detector separation distances of 20 \& 40\,mm was used to predict distances for the frequency domain method.\\[3mm] When the difference between the predicted distance and the actual distance was compared to zero the continuous wave method was significantly different (student's $t$-test, $p = 0.03$) while the FD method was not statistically different from zero (student's $t$-test, $p>0.05$). The frequency domain method was more accurate at predicting the source detector separation distance between 10 \& 50\,mm. This FD method of measuring distance may be useful in locating and removing lesions during lumpectomy procedures.},
}