@article{prahl93a,
  author = {S. A. Prahl and M. J. C. van Gemert and A. J. Welch},
  title = {Determining the Optical Properties of Turbid Media by Using the Adding-Doubling Method},
  journal = {Appl. Opt.},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {559--568},
  abstract = {A method is described for finding the optical properties (scattering, absorption, and scattering anisotropy) of a slab of turbid material using total reflection, unscattered transmission and total transmission measurements. This method is applicable to homogeneous turbid slabs with any optical thickness, albedo, or phase function. The slab may have a different index of refraction from its surroundings and may or may not be bounded by glass. The optical properties are obtained by iterating an adding-doubling solution of the radiative transport equation until the calculated values of the reflection and transmission match the measured ones. Exhaustive numerical tests show that the intrinsic error of the method is less than 3\% when four quadrature points are used.},
}